About 70% to 90% of the foreign exchange transactions are speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency. Hedge funds have gained a reputation for aggressive currency speculation since 1996. They control billions of dollars of equity and may borrow billions more, and thus may overwhelm intervention by central banks to support almost any currency, if the economic fundamentals are in the hedge funds' favor.
Major stock exchanges
Twenty Major Stock Exchanges In The World: Market Capitalization & Year-to-date Total Turnover at the end of May 2009
Region  | Stock Exchange | Market Value (millions USD) | Total Share Turnover (millions USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Johannesburg Securities Exchange | 605,040.2 | 117,424.7 |
| Americas | NASDAQ | 2,773,684.3 | 12,256,704.3 |
| Americas | São Paulo Stock Exchange | 920,263.9 | 191,926.1 |
| Americas | Toronto Stock Exchange | 1,347,674.0 | 490,912.4 |
| Americas | New York Stock Exchange | 9,574,066.6 | 7,986,835.8 |
| Asia-Pacific | Australian Securities Exchange | 839,062.7 | 273,205.9 |
| Asia-Pacific | Bombay Stock Exchange | 1,032,589.6 | 83,906.6 |
| Asia-Pacific | Hong Kong Stock Exchange | 1,773,002.2 | 519,465.7 |
| Asia-Pacific | Korea Exchange | 640,357.6 | 618,607.8 |
| Asia-Pacific | National Stock Exchange of India | 968,815.1 | 242,641.7 |
| Asia-Pacific | Shanghai Stock Exchange | 2,069,937.1 | 1,685,862.2 |
| Asia-Pacific | Shenzhen Stock Exchange | 563,103.3 | 880,744.6 |
| Asia-Pacific | Tokyo Stock Exchange | 3,102,492.9 | 1,561,888.8 |
| Europe | Euronext | 2,262,751.6 | 742,885.6 |
| Europe | Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) | 1,132,126.2 | 1,101,064.6 |
| Europe | London Stock Exchange | 2,204,320.0 | 1,483,263.3 |
| Europe | Madrid Stock Exchange (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles) | 1,084,606.4 | 591,217.3 |
| Europe | Milan Stock Exchange (Borsa Italiana) | 554,613.9 | 341,421.1 |
| Europe | Nordic Stock Exchange Group OMX1 | 664,465.8 | 319,398.1 |
| Europe | Swiss Exchange | 854,369.0 | 272,201.5 |
^Note 1 includes the Copenhagen, Helsinki, Iceland, Stockholm, Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius Stock Exchanges
- Sources: World Federation of Exchanges - Statistics/Monthly
- Remarks: There are 2 pending major mergers: NASDAQ with OMX; and London Stock Exchange with Milan Stock Exchange
The main stock exchanges:
- American Stock Exchange
- Australian Securities Exchange
- Athens Stock Exchange
- Belgrade Stock Exchange
- Bermuda Stock Exchange
- Bolsa Mexicana de Valores
- Bolsa de Valores de Colombia
- Bolsa de Valores de Lima
- Bombay Stock Exchange
- Bucharest Stock Exchange
- Budapest Stock Exchange
- Cairo & Alexandria Stock Exchange
- Casablanca Stock Exchange
- Channel Islands Stock Exchange
- Chicago Stock Exchange
- Euronext Amsterdam
- Euronext Brussels
- Euronext Lisbon
- Euronext Paris
- Frankfurt Stock Exchange
- Ghana Stock Exchange
- Helsinki Stock Exchange
- Hong Kong Stock Exchange
- Istanbul Stock Exchange
- Jakarta Stock Exchange
- JASDAQ
- JSE Securities Exchange
- Karachi Stock Exchange
- Korea Stock Exchange
- Kuwait Stock Exchange
- London Stock Exchange
- Madrid Stock Exchange
- Malaysia Stock Exchange
- Milan Stock Exchange
- Nagoya Stock Exchange
- Nigerian Stock Exchange
- National Stock Exchange of India
- New York Stock Exchange
- Osaka Securities Exchange
- Philippine Stock Exchange
- Santiago Stock Exchange
- São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA)
- Shanghai Stock Exchange
- Shenzhen Stock Exchange
- Singapore Exchange
- Stockholm Stock Exchange
- Stock Exchange of Thailand
- Taiwan Stock Exchange
- Tehran Stock Exchange
- Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
- Tokyo Stock Exchange
- Toronto Stock Exchange
- Warsaw Stock Exchange
- Zurich Stock Exchange
See also: Category:Stock exchanges
No comments:
Post a Comment